添加无机肥料对高温堆肥化及磷素有效性的影响

Effects of Inorganic Fertilizer Amendments on Dairy Waste Composting and Phosphorus Availability

在新鲜牛粪高温堆肥中添加尿素、磷矿粉、钙镁磷肥和硫酸钾,研究不同的添加组合对堆体的温度、干物质残留率和不同浸提形态磷的绝对含量及相对含量的影响。结果表明,在好氧堆肥过程中加入无机肥料能够显著提高堆体的温度和增强有机物的降解,其中混合加入尿素、钙镁磷肥和硫酸钾的处理平均温度最高、干物质损失也最大,其次是单独加入磷矿粉的处理。堆肥结束时添加尿素、钙镁磷肥和硫酸钾的处理水浸提磷与NaHCO3浸提磷绝对含量之和最高,达到11.05g.kg-1,占全磷含量的80.7%;单独加入磷矿粉和混合加入尿素、钙镁磷肥和硫酸钾能促进磷的有效性提高;单独加入尿素或硫酸钾会造成磷素一定程度的固定。

The effects of urea （U）, ground phosphorite （GP）, calcium magnesium phosphate （CMP）, and potassium sulfate （PS） as amendments on phosphorus （P） transformation of dairy waste in an open channel were investigated. We found that all amendments stimulated microbiological activity and efficiency of the dairy waste composting, based on changes in temperature and dry matter reduction during the 45 days of composting. The mass reduction was higher in U＋CMP＋PS amendment than that in any other treatments, the content of labile phosphorus （including H2O-P and NaHCO3-P） in the treatment of U＋CMP＋PS reached 11.05 g· kg^-1, amounted to 80.7% of the total phosphorus. U or PS amendment alone exhibited phosphorus fixation. GP amendment showed higher phosphorus availability than the other three chemical fertilizer （U＋GP＋PS） amendments. U＋CMP＋PS amendments significantly increased the labile phosphorus （including H2O-P and NaHCO3-P）, resuiting in lower acid and residual P level in the material amended with CMP.