氨化和固态发酵玉米秸秆生产饲料蛋白的研究

Ammonification and Solid-state Fermentation of Corn Straw in Producing Feeding-protein

针对玉米秸秆的立体结构与木质素的屏障作用,对玉米秸秆进行氨化处理和固态发酵生产饲料蛋白的技术进行了试验研究。结果表明,利用氨水对玉米秸秆进行氨化处理的温度和时间以35℃和9d为宜,氨化后玉米秸秆的粗蛋白含量可达15.38%。进一步经组合菌株固态发酵、组合菌株与加藤菌液固态发酵和组合菌株一次固态发酵与加藤菌液二次固态发酵3种途径发酵,结果以二次发酵的效果最好,发酵产物的粗蛋白含量由3.15%提高到24.99%,真蛋白含量由2.30%提高到20.21%。玉米秸秆经氨化处理再经组合菌株一次固态发酵与加藤菌液二次固态发酵,使其营养价值得到显著提高,可作为饲料蛋白加以利用,因而是一种增加玉米秸秆营养价值,提高可再生资源利用效率,减少秸秆焚烧污染环境的有效技术措施。

Focus on the stereoscopic structure of corn straw, especially the protective screen of lignin in it, the ammonification and solid-state fermentation of corn straw to produce feeding-protein were studied. The corn straw was treated with ammonia, and the influence of ammonification temperature and time on the crude protein in corn straw was investigated. The temperature and time of ammonification were set at 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 35 ℃, 40℃ and 45 ℃, and for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days, respectively. After ammonification, the corn straw was treated by 3 kinds of solid-state fermentation, i.e., solid-state fermentation of combination of multiple-strains （Penicillium sp., Torula allii, Chaetomium atrosprum and Geotrichum candidum）, solid-state fermentation of combination of multiple-strains and KATO liquid and solid-state fermen- tation of KATO liquid after fermentation of combination of multiple-strains. According to GB6432-86, the crude protein and the protein in the fermented product were determined respectively. The ammonification of corn straw with ammonia not only significantly increased the nitrogen content in corn straw but also partly changed its natural structure. After ammonification, the abundant fermentable carbon and nitrogen sources were stored in the corn straw and were favored to the microbe＇ s solid-state fermentation. The crude protein in corn straw increased with the raised ammonification temperature and the prolongation of ammonification time. Considering the cost and practical application, the optimal temperature and time for ammonification of corn straw were at 35 ℃ and for 9 days, respectively, and at this condition, the crude protein in the straw after ammonification was 15.38%. Among the three kinds of solid-state fermentation, solid-state fermentation of KATO liquid after fermentation of combination of multiple-strains was more effective than the others, with the crude protein in fermented product increasing from 3.15% to 24.99%, and the protein content increasing from 2.30% to 20.20%. After ammonification with ammonia and the solid-state fermentation of KATO liquid after fermentation of combination of multiple-strains, the nutritive value of corn straw was improved significantly. Therefore, the corn straw was suitable to feed animals as one of the feeding-protein, and could be used to solve the problem of serious scarcity of the feeding-protein and promote the development of livestock husbandry. Ammonification and solid-state fermentation of corn straw could efficiently use the corn straw resources, reduce the pollution and result in highly economic, environmental and social bene- fits.