罗马帝国晚期隶农地位初探

The Survey of Tenant Status in Later Roman

一方面由于大庄园的发展,许多自耕农失去了土地,不得不租种别人的土地维持生活;另一方面则是奴隶制经济的危机,奴隶主为了缓解劳动力不足的问题和提高劳动生产率而越来越多地把土地租给了失地的隶农。于是,隶农在农业生产中也逐渐取代奴隶发挥了更为重要的作用。尽管隶农在社会生产中的地位更加重要了,但他们的物质经济条件却在恶化,他们的人身法律地位也下降了。

On the one hand,many tenants lost their land with the development of greatmanors and they had to earn a living by renting lands from others. On the other baud the slave owners rented out more and more land to tenants in order to relieve the insuffieiency of working labors and improve the work efficiency. Consequently, tenants played a more important role than slaves in agricultural production. In spite of the accumulating importance in production, their material and economie conditions worsened, and their law status also descended.