建国初期高等教育的理论分析

A Theoretical Analysis of Higher Education in the Early Period of P.R.of China(1949～1957)

采用系统论与唯物观相结合的评价对象的理论和评价标准,对院系调整和学习苏联这两个重大事件进行分析,可知院系调整基本适应了当时的经济建设需求,培养了大批人才;提高了高等教育的办学效益;加强了内地高校建设,有力地支援了西部经济建设。而学习苏联模式从体制上保证了教学工作的中心地位,但在人才培养口径的宽窄与专业划分粗细上,应该辩证地看问题,不能简单地将专业划分比较细与人才培养口径较窄等同起来,即要从专业划分的学科发展功能和人才培养功能两个方面作全面考察。

By following the evaluation theories and criteria based on systematology and materialism, the paper analyzes the college and department adjustment and learning from the Soviet Union that happened in the early period of P. R. of China （ 1949 - 1957 ）. It is concluded that the college and department adjustment met the demands of the economic construction of that time, fostered numerous talents, improved the effectiveness of higher education, strengthened the construction of universities of mainland and thus gave strong support to the development of the western economy. Learning from the Soviet Union, the other event, safeguarded the central role of teaching in education system, but in terms of the scale of talent-training and division of specialties, we should consider such issues in a dialectical manner and carry out a comprehensive investigation from two perspectives, i.e. the function of specialty-based discipline development and the function of talent-training.