陆机物感思想与刘勰感物思想的根本区别——兼论物感的生成与变迁

Essential Distinction between Lu Ji's Thought of Wugan and Liu Xie's Thought of Ganwu: On the Emergence and Evolution of Wugan

陆机的物感思想是“象、文”传统与《礼记.乐记》的综合,他深深陷于“象”、“文”传统设置的紧张关系之中,同时也在文学领域保持了《礼记.乐记》中的物感思想。而刘勰则将诗歌观念置于一个无所不包的宇宙学说基础之上,以消除“象、文”传统的紧张关系。他认为“象、文”与“道”不是价值逐渐递减的关系,而是内外相符的关系。从而革命性地改变了言意关系在传统物感思想中的功能,将物感思想的重心从“物”转变到了“情(感)”,将“物感”转变成了“感物”。

Lu Ji＇s thought of wugan （sensation caused by seeing objects） originates from both the tradition of xiang （image） and wen （word） and the record of music in The Book of Rites in that on the one hand he falls into the tense relationship set by the tradition of xiang and wen, and on the other, in the field of literature he retains the thought of wugan underlying in The Book of Rites. However, Liu Xie,another scholar, bases the concept of poem on an all-embracing theory of cosmology so as to eliminate the tense relationship. Liu argues that the relationship among xiang, wen and dao （emotion） does not decrease in value but is internally and externally consistent. As a result, Liu completely changes the function of the relationship between language and concept in that he shifts the centre of the thought of wugan from ＂wu＂ （ the objective world） into ＂qing＂ （ the subjective world） and turns ＂wugan＂ into ＂ganwu＂ （ sensing objects）.