某有色金属公司1956～2003年间尘肺病发病状况分析

Retrospective Study on Pneumoconiosis in a Nonferrous Metal Company

[目的]探讨某有色金属公司50年来尘肺病发病的动态变化。[方法]对某有色金属公司50年来确诊为尘肺病患者的有关资料,按全国尘肺流行病学调查方案进行分析,建立数据库并进行统计处理。[结果]50年来共诊断尘肺病人1896例,死亡1112例,现患784例;尘肺病人的主要工种为凿岩、运搬、支柱和爆破;尘肺病的平均发病年龄和平均发病工龄逐年增加;尘肺结核的发病率逐年下降;尘肺病的病程逐年延长;早期肺结核是尘肺病的主要死因;现在前四位死因分别为呼吸系统疾病、肺结核、恶性肿瘤和心血管系统疾病。[结论]综合防尘及综合治疗措施延迟了尘肺的发病,延长了尘肺病患者的寿命,但尘肺病的防治任务仍任重而道远。

[ Objective ] To study dynamic change of pneumoconiosis cases in a nonferrous metal company over 50 years. [ Methods ] Pneumoeoniosis ease database was established-according to National Pneumoconiosis Epidemiology Study Method, and then analysed statistically. [ Results ] 1896 pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed over 50 years, in which 1112 cases died. Most pneumoconiosis cases were seen in rock drilling, transporting, pillar setting and blasting workers. The average incident age of pneumoconiosis increased and the duration from dust exposure to diagnosis of pneumoconiosis prolonged year by year. The rate of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis decreased year by year. The average course of pneumocgniosis prolonged year by year. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the leading cause of death in earlier years, but at present, respiratory insufficiencies, pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer, cardiovascular disease are the four principal causes of death. [ Conclusion ] Comprehensive dust prevention and synthetic treatment steps prolonged the course of pneumoconiosis. The patients＇ life span prolonged. However, the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis still have long way to go.