“替补”与“间隔”——从德里达“文字学”视域看汉字的哲学内涵

Supplément and Diastème——A Philosophical Reflection on Chinese Characters from the Viewpoint of Derrida’s Grammatologie

德里达的“文字学”对深入理解汉字有着启示性的作用。他视“文字”为“痕迹”,为“在场/不在场”之间的“游戏”,而“替补”与“间隔”构成了“痕迹”的双重运作。“替补”体现的是瓦解“在场”自身同一性的“延迟”运动,而“间隔”则体现了“时间生成空间”的差异化运动,具有更深刻的意义。从这两个基本概念出发可以看到,在汉字的结构演变中,“緟益”体现了“替补的逻辑”,而汉字的书体演变则是敞开了原初综合的异质性空间。

Derrida＇s Grammatologie is very instructive for us to have a profound understanding of Chinese characters. He considers word as trace that is the game between presence and absence. Supplément and diastème are two basic operations of word-trace： the former is the delay of presence itself, while the latter is more significant, because it is the differentiating process of time-becoming-space. Starting from these two important concepts of Derrida, we then reflect on the evolution of Chinese character： Zhongyi is similar to the logic of supplément, while the transformation of style is the vivid embodiment of Derrida＇s original hétérogène space of word-writing.