修昔底德与柏拉图著作中的葬礼演说之比较

The Contrast of the Funeral Orations in the Thucydides＇ and Plato＇ Works

葬礼演说是古代希腊一个悠久的风俗与传统，在雅典表现尤其突出。在战事结束后，雅典城邦要为阵亡将士举行公共葬礼，并选出一位德高望重之人发表演说，赞扬死者，慰藉生者。修昔底德在其著作中记录了雅典民主政治领袖伯里克利的演说，柏拉图在其著作中则借苏格拉底之口虚构了伯里克利的情妇阿斯帕西亚的演说。两篇演说既有一定的联系，又深刻地打上了作者思想、时代的烙印。

The funeral oration is an old custom and tradition in ancient Greece, it was very typical in Athens. When a war was over, Athens would hold a public funeral for those men who died in the war, and a renowned man would be selected to give a lecture in order to praise the died and solace the living. Thucydides had wrote down the funeral oration of the Pericles, Plato had invented the funeral oration of the Aspasia Pericles＇ mistress by virtue of Socrates. The two funeral orations have some relations with each other and they also have some relations with the authors＇ thoughts and times.