受控生态生保系统中叶用蔬菜植物品种的筛选

Selection of Salad Vegetables in Controlled Ecological Life Support System

目的为受控生态生保系统筛选合适的叶用蔬菜植物种类及品种。方法在环境参数一致的条件下,对4种散叶生菜品种,1种油麦菜,2种菠菜品种,1种曲麻菜和1种油菜进行栽培,以可食生物产量、营养品质、光合效率和蒸腾效率4个生理特性作为评价指标,对候选植物品种进行筛选。同时在不同CO2浓度(500、1000、1500和2000μmol/mol)和光照强度条件[100、300、500和700μmol/(m2·s)]下对各品种的光合效率和蒸腾效率进行了测量。结果筛选出了“嫩绿奶油”生菜、“大速生”生菜、曲麻菜和四季油麦菜4个植物品种,以及与之相关的适宜CO2浓度为2000μmol/mol,光照强度为700μmol/(m2·s)。结论筛选出的4种植物品种在受控生态生保系统适宜条件下具有较高的可食生物产量、营养品质、光合效率和蒸腾效率等特性,可以作为受控生态生保系统中的生物部件。

Objective To select suitable vegetable for use in Controlled Ecological Life Support System for future long-term space missions. Method Five crops of lettuce（four Lactuca sativa L. vat. crlspa L. and one Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam） , two crops of spinach（ Spinacia oleracea L. ）, one rape （B. napus L. ）and one common sowthisthe （Sonchus Oleraceus L. ）were grown in a Controlled Ecolog- ical Life Support Technique Experimental System. Hydroponic nutrient solution, light, temperature and relative humidity were regulated, CO2 levels were controlled at 500, 1 000, 1500 and 2 000 μmol/mol, and light intensity were controlled at 100, 300, 500 and 700 μmol/（m^2 · s）. Canopy photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and leaf aera were measured on day after planted （DAP） 25 and 30. Plants were harvested at maturity, and analyzed for total fresh weigh and proximate composition （crude fiber, nitrite and β-carotene）. Result Three crops of lettuce ＂nenlvnaiyou＂, ＂dasusheng＂ ,＂youmaicai＂ ,and one common sowthisthe were selected. The favorite CO2 concentration and light intensity 2 000 μmol/mol, and 700 μmol/（m^2 · s） respectively. Conclusion The four crops selected have high productivity, photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates, which can be considered as the basis of the vegetables to be used for future long-term space missions.