有序介孔炭的模板合成进展

The synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons via a template method

以MCM-41为代表的介孔分子筛具有孔道排列规则、孔径分布窄、比表面积高等特点,在催化、吸附、分离等领域具有广泛应用前景,尤其是以其为模板开展的纳米组装科学已成为目前材料研究的热点之一。在简要介绍硅基介孔分子筛的分类和合成机理的基础上,对国内外多孔炭模板合成的研究现状进行了述评,重点阐述了有序介孔炭模板合成的特点、合成工艺、模板类型、碳前驱体的种类及其在双电层电容器、催化、储能等方面的初步应用结果,并展望了有序介孔炭模板合成的发展趋势,指出模板成本的降低、工艺条件的简化和可控化将成为未来一段时期人们研究的重点。

Ordered mesoporous carbons （OMCs） made from templates, such as MCM-41 or other molecular sieves possess a regular channel structure, narrow pore size distribution and high specific surface area, which have potential applications in catalysis, separation, adsorption. Based on the classification and synthesis mechanism of silica-based mesoporous molecular sieves, current research advances on OMCs have been introduced with emphasis on important factors in synthesis including type of templates and precursors for carbons, as well as their applications in electric double layer capacitor and catalysis. It is pointed out that the research trend on OMCs should emphasize reducing the cost of silica templates, simplifying process steps and improving their controllability.