毛发枪弹损伤的环境扫描电镜研究

A study on the microtopography of gunshot damaged hair using ESEM

目的探讨毛发枪弹损伤微观形态与射击距离之间的关系。方法应用环境扫描电镜／能谱仪对64式手枪在0—200cm范围内射击造成的毛发损伤及附着物进行形态和成分分析。结果0—30cm射击，毛发表面粘附有大量密集分布的球形射击残留物颗粒，鳞片有严重斑纹状损伤和崩裂缺损；30—60cm射击，毛发表面粘附有较多散在分布的球形射击残留物颗粒，鳞片有轻微斑纹状损伤和崩裂缺损；100cm距离射击，毛发表面粘附有少数个别射击残留物颗粒，鳞片无斑纹状损伤；200cm距离射击，毛发表面无射击残留物。毛发枪弹射击断裂形态差异较大，大体分为剪切断裂和牵拉断裂两种类型，与射击距离无明显相关性。结论毛发表面粘附的大量球形射击残留物颗粒及其造成的鳞片斑纹状损伤对于法医学鉴定贴近距离射击（〈30cm）具有重要的实用价值。

Objective To study the relationship between the microtopography of the gunshot damaged hair and the shooting distance. Methods ESEM/EDX was used to imaging and analyzing the microtopography of the hair that had been shot with a 64-style pistol at muzzle-to-target distances from 0 to 200cm. Results A stack of spherical GSR particles were observed on the hair that had been shot at the range of 30 - 60cm, and part of them caused the high stippling or tattooing damage and the breach of hair＇s scales ; many spherical GSR particles were observed on the hair that had been shot at the range of 30 - 60cm, and few of them caused the slight stippling or tattooing damage and the breach of hairg scales; only few GSR particles were discovered when the hair had been shot at the range of 100cm, and no stippling or tattooing damage was visible on hair＇s scales ; no GSR particle was discovered when the hair had been shot at 200cm, and the varieties of the fracture morphologies have no obvious relativity with the shooting distance; but two fracture classes may be roughly observed, which we may call the shearing stress fracture and the tensile stress fracture. Conclusion The detection of a great deal of spherical GSR particles on hair and the stippling or tattooing damage of hair＇s scales indicates a close-proximity shot within 30cm.