富铬中药制剂和富铬井水对四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠模型各种生化指标的影响

Effect of chromium-rich Chinese drug and chromium-rich well water on the biochemical indices of rats with alloxan diabetes

目的:观察富铬中药制剂和富铬井水对四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠模型血糖及脑、肝抗氧化能力变化、血清各种生化指标的影响,分析铬与糖尿病的关系。方法:实验于2006-07-04/29在右江民族医学院重金属与氟砷毒物研究实验室进行。选用清洁级Wistar大白鼠40只,雄雌不拘,鼠龄60d,以随机数字表法分成4组,即含铬井水组、富铬中药组、模型组、正常组,每组10只。含铬井水组给予含铬井水,每笼5只大鼠上午150mL,下午150mL,自由饮用;富铬中药组用富铬中药制剂(商品名舒糖宝,由荔枝、沙田柚、番石榴等果类提取制成,富含铬元素),按每鼠2mL,加到自来水瓶中,自由饮用每天饮完;模型组和正常组自来水自由饮用。1周后,分别收集尿液,测定各鼠每天尿量、蛋白和尿糖。测定造模前、成模后和治疗结束时血糖含量。连续治疗2周后,麻醉下处死大鼠,取大脑、肝脏在冷冻条件下匀浆,用生理盐水制成100g/L匀浆,检测血清尿素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、肌酐,脑、肝匀浆超氧阴离子自由基、丙二醛、谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量,比较组间差异。结果:全部大鼠进入结果分析。①含铬井水组、富铬中药组血糖较治疗前明显下降(P<0.001),模型组下降不明显(P>0.05)。②含铬井水组血清尿素、肌酐含量高于其他各组(P<0.05～0.01);含铬井水组、富铬中药组脑超氧阴离子自由基清除率高于正常组和模型组,含铬井水组、富铬中药组、正常组肝超氧阴离子自由基清除率、肝谷胱甘肽含量均高于模型组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05～0.01)。③含铬井水组、富铬中药组、模型组肝丙二醛含量均高于正常组,以模型组最高(P<0.01);含铬井水组、富铬中药组、正常组肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶低于模型组(P<0.01),含铬井水组、富铬中药组、正常组3组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④富铬中药组大鼠尿量明显低于模型组(P<0.05),与正常组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);各组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活力差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);正常组尿糖含量明显低于其他3组(P<0.01)。⑤正常组三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脑丙二醛含量明显低于其他3组(P<0.05～0.01),正常组脑谷胱甘肽明显高于其他3组(P<0.01)。⑥治疗药物富铬中药制剂、富铬井水中铬元素含量明显高于当地自来水和其他井水(P<0.001)。结论:富铬中药制剂和矿区某井水含丰富铬元素,两者均可明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠模型血糖、三酰甘油水平,提高脑、肝超氧阴离子自由基清除力和抗氧化能力。铬的作用可能是富铬中药制剂的降糖机制之一。

AIM： To observe the effect of chromium-rich Chinese prescription and chromium-rich well water on the changes in blood glucose and anti-oxidation ability of brain and liver as well as biochemical indices in rats with alloxan diabetes. and analyze the relationship between chromium and diabetes. METHODS： The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Heavy Metal and Arsenium and Fluorosis. Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities between 4^th and 29^th July 2006. Forty clean Wistar rats of 60 days old were randomly divided into four groups： chromium well water group. chromium-rich Chinese drug group. model group and normal control group with 10 rats in each group. Five rats of each cage in chromium well water group freely drank 150 mL of chromium well water respectively in the morning and afternoon. Rats in the chromium-rich Chinese drug group （Shutangbao. extracted from lychee. sand field shaddock and guava. it is rich in chromium） were given tap water with 2 mL of chromium-rich Chinese drug in. Rats in the model group and normal control group freely drank tap water. One week after that. the urine of rats in all groups were collected to determine the daily urinary volume. protein and urine glucose. The blood glucose was determined before modeling. after modeling and after the treatment respectively. After 2-week treatment. rats were executed under anesthesia to homogenate the frozen brain and liver in 100 g/L of normal saline. Levels of serum urea. alanine aminotransferase （AAT）. triacylglycerol. total cholesterol （TC）. creatinine. superoxide anion free radicals in brain and liver. malonaldehyde （MDA）. glutathion and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were determined. and differences were compared among groups. RESULTS：All rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The level of blood glucose after the treatment in chromium well water group and chromium-rich Chinese drug group were significantly lower than those before the treatment （P 〈 0.001）. while the decreasing was not significant in the model group （P 〉 0.05）. ② The levels of serum urea and creatinine in the chromium well water group were higher than those in other groups （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The clearance rate （CL） of superoxide anion free radicals in brain was higher in chromium well water group and chromium-rich Chinese drug group than those in the normal control group and model group. The CL of superoxide anion free radicals in liver and level of glutathion were higher in the chromium well water group. chromium-rich Chinese drug group and normal control group than those in the model group. and the differences were significant （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. ③ The level of MDA in the chromium well water group. chromium-rich Chinese drug group and model group were higher than that in the normal control group. and it was the highest in the model group （P 〈 0.01）. The level of GSH-Px in the chromium well water group. chromium-rich Chinese drug group and normal control group were lower than that in the model group （P 〈 0.01）. while there was no significant difference among the chromium well water group. chromium-rich Chinese drug group and the normal control group （P 〉 0.05）. ④The urinary volume in the chromium-rich Chinese drug group was significantly lower than that in the model group （P 〈 0.05）. and it was lower in the normal control group than that in 3 other groups （P 〈 0.01）. ⑤ The levels of triacylglycerol. TC. high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and MDA in brain in the normal control group were remarkably lower than those in 3 other groups （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. while the level of brain glutathion in the normal control group was significantly higher than 3 other groups （P 〈 0.01）. ⑥ The content of chromium in chromium-rich Chinese drug and chromium well water was significantly higher than that in the tap water and other well water （P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Shutangbao and well water in some mine area are rich in chrome. Chromium-rich Shutangbao and chromium-rich well water can significantly decrease the blood glucose and triglyeride and increase the ability of clearance of and antioxidant ability of rats with alloxan diabetes. The function of chrome may be one of the hypoglycemic mechanisms.