乡村控制与农业建设——试论南京政府时期湖北省的农会组织

Dominating the Country and Developing Agriculture --Discuss on the farmers' Association of Hubei Province in the Period of Nanjing Government

国民党在南京建立政权后,吸取在大革命时期农民组训的教训,颁布了《农会法》,力图在全国建立新的农会体系,以加强乡村控制与农业建设。地处中部的湖北向为农业大省,农村问题十分严重。湖北省依国民政府之法令,逐步建立起了以县农会为主体的省、县、乡三级农会体系。这些农会组织以农民为主体会员,接受国民党地方党政机关的领导,对于国民党在农村的施政发挥了重要作用。在乡村控制方面,政府希冀以农会来加强与农民的组织联系,对农民实施组织与思想训练,贯彻兵役粮政。在农业建设方面,农会在改进农业生产、实施二五减租、推行农贷、发展农村合作等方面也发挥了一定功效。不过,由于农民并未在农会中取得主体性地位,在相当程度上制约了农会的运作绩效。

After Nanjing People＇s Government was established,Guomindang extracted the lessons from the great revolution and tried hard to set up new farmer association through enacting a law of the farmers＇ association to strengthen country control and agriculture development. This kind of farmers＇ association was different from those which was set up in the revolution period. Hubei was a big agriculture province in the central of China,there were a lot of problems in country. Hubei province established numerous farmers＇ associations in wuhan and other areas according to the ordinances constituted by the government. The farmers＇ associations leaded by the counties and towns government,whose members were the farmers and had the important function on agriculture development and controlling the country. The farmers＇ association had important function on two sides. On the one side, the government hoped it could strengthen the connection between the party and the peasantry. On the other side, the farmers＇ association played a important role in improving on agriculture, relieving taxation, extending credit to the peasantry, developing the cooperation. But because the peasantry did not take first station, the organization＇ s function was restricted in some extent.