养殖刺参溃疡病病原学研究

The Pathogen of Ulcerative Disease in Cultivated Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

自2002年冬季以来,山东、辽宁等省的养殖刺参几乎每年冬天都大规模爆发溃疡病。本文研究了刺参溃疡病的特征和症状,从病参体表和体内分离出优势菌,经回归感染证实其就是引发本次刺参溃疡病的病原菌。对病原菌进行鉴定发现,该菌革兰氏染色呈阴性,电镜下观察呈短杆状,极端单鞭毛,综合研究该菌在形态、生理生化等方面的特性,确认分离到的病原菌为交替假单胞菌,交替假单胞菌作为养殖刺参的病原菌在国内外属首次报道。

Ulcerative disease has brought out on a large scale in juvenile sea cucumberApostichopus japonicus cultured in Shandong and Liaoning provinces since the winter of 2002. The characteristics of ulcerative disease were observed and a gram-negative dominant bacterium was isolated and identified. This kind of bacterium appeared short rod in shape with single polar flagellum under electron microscope. All the sea cucumber infected artificially died five days after injection of bacterial suspension, while the sea cucumbers in control group showed no signs. The re-isolate from artificial infection of animals also had the same bacterium. Different methods were used to identify the pathogenic bacterium in this study. The results indicated that the bacterium is Pseudoaheromonas sp. , which is reported as pathogenic bacterium for sea cucumber for the first time.