双季北缘地区水稻补偿超高产栽培研究

Study on Super-high Yielding by Compensation Growth in the North Edge of Double-cropping Rice

双季稻北缘地区生长季节短,温光资源不足;而常规高产栽培在品种选用、肥水运筹、群体结构及调控等方面均存在不足,产量不高不稳。补偿栽培采用生育期适中偏长优质品种;通过适当早播、拓展生长季节、增加温光利用,合理稀播培育壮秧、高效利用低位次分蘖成大穗;合理基本苗和群体结构,在大田早期迅速创建一个较大的叶面积指数、促进水稻群体尽早进入光合适期,生育中期壮秆强根、延长有效叶面积高值期,生育后期补充营养、湿润灌溉增强群体活力和抗逆性、减缓高效叶面积下降速率以补偿群体光合势,促进群体结构与光合功能高效协调,增强群体物质积累与转化能力而稳定高产。以生育期适中偏长、产量潜力高优质品种(或超级稻品种)为基础,培育多蘖壮秧、精确优化群体结构和肥料合理运筹为核心技术,配套湿润节水灌溉和病虫草害无害化防治,构建水稻补偿超高产栽培技术体系并成功示范。

In the northern edge of the double- cropping rice, the growing season are short and lack of the resources of temperature and light ; While the conventional cultivation has some shortage in the use of high - yielding varieties, fertilizer operations, group structure and control and so on. the output is not high and instability. Compensation cultivation method adopts the moderate growth period high quality varieties; Through appropriate bring forward the sowing date, expanding the growing season, increasing the use of temperature and light, reasonably reduce the seed broadcasting and breeding the strong seedling and efficient utilization of low grade tillers and fully grown to big spikes; reasonable seedlings and population structure, and rapid create a larger leaf area index in the early period of the field and accelerate the rice groups coming into the appropriate phase of photosynthesis early and forming strong roots and stalks in the middle of the growing period, extending the effective period of high leaf area index, compensate nutrition in the late growing period, humid irrigation improve the vitality of rice and enhance the resistance ability. Delaying the declining rate of high leaf area to compensate for the groups photosynthesis, harmonizing population structure and photosynthetic functions for efficient coordination, building up the ability of groups accumulation and transformation to forming high and stable yield, . Compensation cultivation takes varieties of moderate growth period or long and high yield potential （or super rice varieties） , cultivate more tiller and strong seedling, precision and optimize the group structure and reasonable fertilizer operation as the core technology, supporting the efficacy of water - saving irrigation and harmless insect pest prevention and cure. This compensation cultivation system got successful demonstration.