鮡科鱼类多样性与栖境的关系

The Study on Relationship Between Biodiversity and Habitat of Catfish Family Sisoridae(Siluriformes) in China

中国有鮡科鱼类12属50种和亚种,分布在长江以南诸水系,尤以云南分布的属、种最为丰富。鮡科鱼类演化的总趋势是向着急流中底栖的方向发展,因此形态特征和生态习性发生了一系列适应性变化。由于游泳能力弱,它们与河流水环境的关系更为紧密,对水文特征和水质变化极为敏感,是一群水环境质量监测的极好指示生物。它们的生存压力主要来自植被破坏、水利工程、电站建设和水质污染等造成的环境变化,也与过度捕捞有关。它们承受的生存压力在其他生物类群中也同样存在,有效保护江河水生物资源已是刻不容缓的事情。

There are 50 species or subspecies of Sisoridae belonging to 12 genera in China. They distribute in many river systems of South China. Yunnan is the best richness area in species and genera of Sisoridae. The evolutionary trend of Sisoridae is crawled in rushing fiver bottom and their morphologic characters and habits have taken place a series of adaptive changes greatly. Because of lower capacity of swim, fishes of Sisoridae have a close relationship with environment of rivers and are sensitive to changes of hydrology and river water quality. So they are good indicators of river environment quality. Their living pressure comes from environment changes caused by vegetation breakage, water conservancy, hydroelectric power station construction and water pollution as well as over catching. The pressure endured by Sisoridae also happens in other water organism equally. It is an urgent affair to protect fresh-water living creature resources effectively.