美国中小学单性学校的立法沿革与新进展

The Evolution of Legislation on Single-Gender Education in the USA and Its New Development

美国的单性教育一直是一个值得争议的问题。美国联邦政府最高法院有多次机会可以禁止各州开办单性公立学校,但终未实施,只是对个别实施单性教育的公立学校进行审查,看它(们)是否给男生和女生提供了同等的教育机会。2004年3月联邦教育部颁布了“接受政府资助的非歧视性别分类教育项目或活动建议条款”,为单性教育打开方便之门。美国现行的单性教育分为全单性教育和部分单性教育两种类型。

Single-gender education has always been a conventional issue in the USA. The Supreme Court had several opportunities to prohibit states from establishing single-gender public schools. But instead of doing so, the Court has opted to scrutinize individual single-gender public schools to determine whether a unique educational opportunity is offered to one gender but not the other. The Department of Education issued Nondiserimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance; Proposed Rules in March 2004, which offered new possibilities for the development of single-gender education. There are two types of single gender education in the USA： completely single-sex in format and single-sex classrooms.