4～8月婴儿气质围生期影响因素的研究

Investigation of the perinatal influencing factors of 4～8 months infant temperament.

【目的】探讨4～8月婴儿气质的围生期影响因素，以促进婴儿早期心理的健康发展。【方法】随机选取符合条件的133对夫妇及她们所生的婴儿作为研究对象，应用自制的相关因素问卷、艾森克个性问卷及4～8月婴儿气质问卷进行调查。【结果】平易型气质类型的影响因素主要包括母亲孕期的心情、对分娩疼痛的恐惧、孕期的工作环境以及母亲孕期是否受到精神创伤；麻烦型气质类型的影响因素主要包括母亲孕期的心情、对分娩疼痛的恐惧、孕期的睡眠时间以及母亲孕期是否受到精神创伤。影响气质维度的因素包括：母亲孕期是否受到精神创伤、母亲孕期的工作环境、母亲对胎儿性别的关注程度、母亲在孕期的看电视时间、母亲在孕期的心情、母亲在孕期的工作环境、父亲的年龄、父亲的文化程度、父母婚姻是否和谐、父母对子女的教育态度是否一致、儿童的出生情况、住房是否安静。【结论】母亲孕期的心理行为：方式影响气质的类型和维度。

[Objective] To explore the perinatal influencing factors on 4-8 months infant temperament, [Methods] 133 couples and their infants were randomly recruited. Self-made questionnaire for the related factors of temperament was applied to investigate the maternal psychological and behavioral pattern. Esysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ） and National 4-8 months Infant Temperament Questionnaire were used to evaluate the personality of parents and the temperament of infants respectively. [Results] The easy type＇s infant temperament were affected by maternal moods, feeling of delivery pain, working environment and mental damage during pregnancy. The difficult type＇s infant temperament was affected by maternal moods, feeling of delivery pain, the time of sleeping and mental damage during pregnancy. The dimensions of infant temperament were affected by mental damage during pregnancy, working environment, emphasis on gender of fetus, the time of watching TV during pregnancy, working environment, father＇s age, father＇s educational level, the relation of parents, the same of parental attitude of education, the condition of birth, the quiet of the living room. [Conclusion] The type and dimension of temperament are affected by maternal psychological and behavioral pattern during pregnancy.