新生机主义文化史研究理论及其在中国的实践

The Theory of New Vitalism on the Research of Cultural History and Its Practices in China

由法国哲学家柏格森和德国哲学家杜里舒所创立的新生机主义文化史观认为,文化史的发展就是自由生长,其动因在于事物内在的“本能”;文化史研究的对象就是知识,其任务是揭示历史的进步,而其方法是“理智的同情”。“五四”运动期间,新生机主义传入中国。朱谦之和张东荪运用新生机主义的文化史研究思想研究中国文化史,撰写出了中国文化史学史上真正的理论专著《历史哲学》、《文化哲学》和《知识与文化》。

The theory of New Vitalism on the research of cultural history was created by France philosopher Bergson and German philosopher Dullish. It persists that the development of cultural history is a freedom growth, and its motivation is the intrinsic ＂instinct＂ of object things. The object of the research of cultural history is knowledge, its task is to reveal the progress of history, and its method is ＂rational sympathy＂. New Vitalism was introduced to China during the ＂May 4th＂ movement. Using the theory of New Vitalism on the research of cultural history, Zhu Qianzhi and Zhang Dongsun studied Chinese cultural history, and composed the outstanding theoretical books philosophy of history, philosophy of cultural and knowledge and culture.