利益分配的平等待人——关于公平原则的一个理论注解

Treating People Equally at Interest Distribution:——A Theoretical Note on the Principle of Fairness

本文的主要任务是对公平原则做出理论的诠释。研究表明:(1)公平其实就是利益分配上的平等待人;(2)一种利益分配是否平等待人,可以采用可逆性检验的方法来判别,即将利益冲突双方的角色进行调换,如果双方都认为分配方式是合理的,那么,利益分配就是公平的,反之则反是;(3)平等待人利益分配的实现需要满足个体的正义性及基本伦理规范的一致性两个条件;(4)由于合理分配的具体比例和方式是随时间和地点的变化而变化的,公平原则不可能用某一具体的规则或公式表示出来。

The main purpose of this article is to make a theoretical exposition on the principle of fairness. It shows： Firstly, fairness is treating people equally at the distribution of the social interests. Secondly, whether some method treats people equally at interest distribution or not, it can be justified by the reversible test. That is, if the reasonability of distribution is hold by both sides after the roles of both sides are exchanged, this method treats people equally at distribution and vice versa. Thirdly, individual justice and consistency of individual ethic normative are the sufficient and necessary condition for fair distribution. Finally, as for the variability of the specific reasonable distributional method, it is wrong to regard fairness as some distributional mode with invariable structure; that is to say, the criterion of fairness cannot be expressed by some mathematical formual.