用20个微卫星标记研究鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛的遗传多样性

Genetic diversity analysis of Shandong native cattle breeds using 20 microsatellite markers

用20个微卫星座位分析了鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛及用作参照的秦川牛品种的遗传多样性。3个中国黄牛品种在20个座位的等位基因数为4～25个，平均等位基因数接近9个。各座位等位基因长度与欧洲普通牛相似，但平均等位基因数高于报道的欧洲普通牛和部分中国其它黄牛品种。3个品种在不同座位均发现部分特有基因，以渤海黑牛居多，在3个座位检测到7个特有基因。平均有效等位基因数达到6个以上，平均杂合度接近0．8，平均多态信息含量约为0．85，这几项变异参数在3个品种间没有明显差异，但高于欧洲普通牛群体和报道的中国部分黄牛群体的相应值。结果表明，3个品种在当地生态条件下，经数千年的选育积累了丰富的遗传变异，属宝贵的遗传资源。遗传相似度分析结果显示，渤海黑牛先与秦川牛聚为1类，再与鲁西黄牛聚在一起，引证了鲁西黄牛受瘤牛血统影响较大的结论。

Luxi and Bohai cattle breeds were analyzed with 20 microsatellite markers. To give perspective to the genetic diversity and genetic distances of the two Shandong native cattle breeds, Qinchuan cattle breed was analyzed as well. The allele numbers of the overall 20 microsatellite loci of the three Chinese native cattle breeds were from 4 to 25, averaged about 9. Although the allele size of most microsatellite loci of the studied Chinese cattle breeds was overlapped with the reported correspondent data of the European cattle breeds, the average alleles for each locus were higher. 7 specific alleles were found in 3 loci in Bohai cattle breed, which were the highest among the all three native cattle breeds. The average values of the ne （ 〈 6）, H （near to 0.8） and PIC （about 0.85） were comparable among the three breeds and higher than that of reported correspondent data of European cattle breeds and the other Chinese native cattle breeds. The results showed that the studied cattle breeds accumulated rich in genetic diversity, which was the result of experienced long term selections and development. Nei＇s Genetic Distance DA between Bohai and Qinchuan cattle breeds less than distances between Bohai and Luxi cattle breeds, which were consistence with the other research that the Luxi cattle breed was genetically affected by Bos indicus.