栽培爱玉的传粉生态

Pollination ecology of cultivated Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang.

栽培爱玉传粉生态的研究表明,栽培爱玉开花期明显分为春、秋两季,持续时间均较野生爱玉长.爱玉不能依靠生长于原变种薜荔花序中的小蜂授粉或产卵,在野生爱玉传粉小蜂隔离的情况下,小蜂缺失造成传粉系统损毁.栽培爱玉可通过人工引入传粉小蜂建立新种群,但传粉系统修复比较缓慢,历经4年花序挂树率仅达51·11%、挂树花序的平均结果率为64·37%,平均成虫瘿率为64·35%.花序发育的雌花期和雄花期重叠度低、小蜂出飞过于集中、进入花序的小蜂数量少或缺失是造成共生双方繁殖率低下的原因.

The study on the pollination ecology of cultivated Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang showed that this plant had two apparent blossoming periods, i. e. , in spring and autumn, which were relatively longer than those of the wild one. Cultivated Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang couldnt rely on the wasps living in the variant syconia to pollinate or lay eggs. Under the circumstances the wasps were separated from wild F. pumila var. awkeotsang, the pollination system was damaged because of the absence of the wasps. The pollination wasps could be introduced artificially to cultivated F. pumila var. awkeotsang, but the pollination system was restored relatively slowly. The rate of syconia hanging on trees could only reach 51.11% after four years, with an average production rate of the female flowers being 64.37% , and an average gall tuming rate of gall flowers being 64.35%. The growing syconia degree of female and male flowering phases was low, and the collective way of the wasps＇ flying out and the small number of the wasps entering the syconia were the causes of low rate co-existing breeding.