英国的洪水风险管理

Flood Risk Management in the UK

为了减少洪水造成的破坏和损失,近年来世界各国的洪水管理已从单一的防洪工程向洪水风险管理转变。除了能进行有效的洪水防御外,洪水风险管理还被认为是维持生物多样性、河流及海岸生态系统的重要手段。回顾了英国的洪水风险管理及其组成体系,并分析讨论了未来可能面临的问题及应对措施。结果表明,随着全球气候变化及社会经济发展,洪水发生的频率及其影响正在增加。因此,如何全面综合考虑降雨、径流、河流、洪泛区以及人类活动、社会经济规划、发展和管理等诸多因素是实施洪水风险管理面临的重要课题。

Approaches to reduce disruption and damage from flooding have changed significantly in recent years. Worldwide, there has been a significant move from a strategy of flood defence to one of flood risk management. Flood risk management includes the use of flood defences, where appropriate, but also recognizes that more managed flooding is essential to meeting goals for biodiversity and to sustain good ecological status in river and coastal systems. The author reviews the flood risk management and analyzes its development and future strategy in the UK. The study shows that flooding and its impacts seem to be increasing with the global climate change and social-economic development. Flood risk management therefore requires a holistic approach, addressing the scientific and engineering issues of rainfall, runoff, rivers and flood inundation as well as the human and socio-economic issues of planning, development and management.