Gordleton磨坊小水电改造工程水能开发和环境影响评估

Hydropower Development and Environmental Impact Assessment： A Case Study of Gordleton Mill

水能和环境影响的评估，对于判别英格兰新福里斯特区埃文河Gordleton磨坊重新安装一台改良水车或一台水轮机或一台阿基米德式螺旋水轮机的可行性和经济性是至关重要的。基于一个典型水文年份年平均径流量0．41m^3／s且合理利用水资源的方案，Gordleton磨坊改造后的年电力输出为26000-30000kW·h。实地调查并记录了当前的环境变量，包括土地利用、植被、基层、水质、鱼类、无脊椎动物和噪音等。其中，鱼类洄游，特别是受法律保护的二龄鲑，将会受到工程影响，需要安装网格为1cm^22的护鱼筛网并提供鱼道。噪音和振动也是主要的环境影响，采用隔音材料可以降低其负面作用。推荐采用0．15m^3／s的旱季生态系统的补偿流量。

An assessment of hydropower potential and environmental impact is vital to a decision whether it is feasible and valuable to reinstall a waterwheel, a turbine or an Archimedian screw for Gordleton Mill on the Avon Water, New Forest District, England. Based on an annual mean flow of 0.41 m^3/s in a typical year, a yearly energy output of around 26 000- 30 000 kW· h may be ensured under a reasonable operation strategy. The present environmental factors including land use, vegetation and substrate, water quality, fish and invertebrate and noise were recorded. Fish migration, especially for smolts protected by law, will be influenced; hence a physical fish screen made of fixed meshed with 1cm^2 holes and provision of bypass channels are necessary. Noise and vibration also are the main environmental concerns; however, an appropriate design including using sound-proof materials can mitigate the negative effects under further field experiments. A discharge of 0.15 m^3/s is used for compensation flow for ecosystem within the drought season.