中国东部季风区土壤地带分布与气侯关系研究

RESEARCH ON RELATIONS OF SOIL ZONAL DISTRIBUTIONS WITH CLIMATE IN THE MONSOON REGION OF THE EASTERN PART OF CHINA

本文提出中国土壤地带分布的气候指标Ｒ＝ｅｘｐ（－０．０８Ｔ）［１－ｅｘｐ（－０．００５Ｐ）］；并根据中国６５９个站点气候资料（１９６－１９７０），给出了森林土壤系列和草原土壤系列的Ｒ值分布；得到了单独由气候因于决定的中国东部季风区气候土壤地带分布图，发现它与中国土壤图和中国土壤区划图在整体上有较好的一致性；讨论了它们差异的成因，分析了土壤带的演变趋势；然后给出了森林土壤垂直地带谱的计算公式，通过个例计算发现它与实际土壤垂直地带分布吻合得相当好；最后指出确定土壤带变化与气候变化滞后时间的可能性。

The climate index about the soil zonal distribution of China,R=exp(-0.08 T) [1-exp (-0.005P)],is first put forward. Based on the climatic data from 659 observational stations in China, R distributions of a forest soil sequence and a steppe soil sequence are given, and a map of climatic soil zonal distribution in the monsoon region of the eastern part of China is obtained by the climatic index R,which is in general agreement with the Soil Map of China and the Soil Regionalization Map of China. Meanwhile, the directions of soil zonal evolution are analyzed, then a formula for the altitudinal zonal spectrum of a forest soil sequence is derived, which is demonstrated to be in quite well agreement with the actual situation.Finally, a possibility of determining the delay time of soil zonal change with climate change is pointed out.