中熟高产玉米杂交种主要农艺性状演变规律的研究

Studies on Development Rule for Major Agronomic Characters of Maize Hybrid in Mid-maturation and High-yield

通过对山东省1976～1995年中熟玉米高产杂交种主要农艺性状的分析,认为中熟高产玉米杂交种产量的提高,主要由于选育了紧凑型品种而增加了密度(公顷株数和公顷穗数)、公顷粒数和提高了籽粒千粒重:1976～1995年中熟高产玉米杂交种主要农艺性状的演变规律是,公顷产量、公顷株数、公顷穗数、公顷粒数和千粒重等性状呈上升趋势,穗长呈下降趋势,穗行数、穗粒数、株高、穗位高、大斑病、小斑病和生育期等性状则变化无规律。今后,中熟高产玉米育种应以大粒、紧凑株型为主攻目标。

By analysising major agronomic characters of high-yield and mid-maturation maize hybrid in Shandong province among 70's-90's, we found that the main reason for the increase of yield in mid-maturation and high-yield maize hybrid was the increase in the density (plant and ear numbers per ha), grain numbers per ha and 1000 seed weight by selecting compact-structure varieties. The development rule was that, the characters such as yield/ha, plant numbers/ha, ear number/ha, grain numbers/ha and 1000 seed weight tend to rise, but the length of ear tends to decrease, there were no regularity in row number/ear, grain number/ear, plant height, ear position, leaf spot and growth stage. So the main goal for maize breeding in mid-maturation and high-yield is to select the plant with large grain and compact-structure.