信息结构脱离语境句法实现的动因探讨

Syntactic Realization of Decontextualized Information Structure

大多数学者对于信息结构和句法结构关系采取一种方向倒置的研究途径:从句法结构到信息结构,然而信息结构是居于句法结构更深层的结构。信息结构是一个语用—语义概念,信息单位的潜在组合及排列顺序直接影响句法结构的构建;信息结构的句法实现会受到认知因素(概念化)、语用原则及语法化程度的制约。本文尝试探讨英汉语脱离语境的信息结构如何在句法层面上实现,即信息结构句法实现的可能动因,以期推动信息结构和句法结构关系这一课题的研究。

In studying the relationship between information structure and syntactic structure,most researchers tend to put the cart before the horse by making syntactic structure their point of departure.This approach is wrong because information structure lies on a deeper level than syntactic structure,and as a pragmatic-semantic notion,it directly affects syntactic construction through the potential combination and sequencing of information units.The syntactic realization of information structure is subject to cognitive factors,pragmatic principles and degree of grammaticalization.This paper discusses how decontextualized information structure in English and Chinese is realized syntactically or what probable motivations might account for such a realization,with a view to generating more research interests into the relation between information and syntactic structure.