水稻偏粳型广谱性强恢复系种质GR38的创新和评价

Creation and Evaluation of GR38,A Japonica-prone Wide Spectrum Restorer Line of Rice

用无育性恢复力的意大利粳稻巴利拉,与具有广亲和性的我国改良籼稻广中矮杂交,创新出偏粳型广谱性强恢复系种质GR38。与亲本及现有4类恢复基因型仅能恢复部分不育细胞质的情况不同,GR38对几乎所有主要不育细胞质均具强恢复力。SSR标记分析发现,GR38的一个恢复基因位于第1染色体长臂中部,与已报道的恢复基因位点均有所不同,推测GR38至少携带一个新恢复基因。GR38具有很强的产量配合力,与许多不育系配制的籼粳杂交稻组合具有很强的杂种优势和产量潜力,可以直接用于生产。GR38的育成,将地理远缘的粳稻基因导入到恢复系中,创造了地理远缘粳稻/广亲和籼稻的杂交选育途径,打破了常用的籼恢/籼恢单一途径,以及恢复基因源局限于IR24及其衍生系的状况,拓宽了恢复基因源和遗传基础,有助于杂交稻育种的新突破。

The GR38, a japonica-prone rice with wide spectrum and strong restoring, was developed from the cross of Guangzhongai, a wide compatibility China indica rice, and Balilla, a Italian japonica rice without restoring ability. GR38 performed strong restoring ability to most of cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines and was different from other restorer lines available only to some of CMS. SSR analysis revealed that a restorer gene of GR38 was located on the long arm of chromosome 1. It was different from any reported restorer locus according to their chromosomal locations and may be a new one. In addition, GR38 has showed strong combining ability in grain yield and significant heterosis. The restorer line breeding way created from the cross of distant japonica rice and wide compatibility indica was useful to broad the scope of restorer genes resources and genetic base, and to break the limitation of the restoring genes from a few of Southeasten Asian varieties such as IR24 and its progeny.