中国小麦地方品种内和品种间醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析

Genetic Heterogeneity and Diversity within and among Chinese Wheat Landraces as Revealed by Gliadin Composition

为了揭示中国小麦地方品种内遗传异质性和品种间的遗传多样性，采用A-PAGE方法，对72份来自不同生态区的地方品种进行醇溶蛋白构成分析。结果发现，全部供试地方品种共观察到101条迁移率不同的务带，构成229种醇溶蛋白构型，每个品种醇溶蛋白条带数目为14—24。63份（87．5％）地方品种在品种内具有2种以上醇溶蛋白变异类型，其中，变异类型最多的品种二红皮小麦（ZM004659）30个子粒中有14种之多，多数品种具有2—3种变异类型。品种内醇溶蛋白构型一致的品种共有9个，占12．5％。这表明供试的大多数小麦地方品种内个体间在醇溶蛋白构成上具有遗传异质性。聚类分析表明，相同生态区的地方品种没有整齐地聚为一类。

The gliadin composition of seventy-two Chinese wheat （ Triticum aestivum L. ） landraces was analyzed by A-PAGE in order to understand their genetic heterogeneity and genetic diversity. In total, 101 gliadin bands were observed in all accessions, which formed 229 gliadin patterns. The number of gliadin bands in a landrace ranged from 14 to 24. Sixty-three landraces （87.5%） had more than two types of combinations of gliadin patterns. Among them, Erhongpi （ZM004659） had the highest number of 14 gliadin patterns in 30 kernels. Most landraces had two to three gliadin banding patterns. Nine landraces （12.5%） had identical gliadin patterns in different kernels within each entry. This indicates that most Chinese landraces examined were genetically heterogeneous in gliadin constitution. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the landraces originated from similar ecotypes were not grouped together.