抗枣疯病种质资源的筛选与应用

Screening and Application of Chinese Jujube Germplasm with High Resistance to Witches′ Broom Disease

枣疯病是一种毁灭性的植原体病害。在全国范围内收集待鉴定抗枣疯病种质29份,采用在重病大树上高接待鉴定种质的高强度筛选方法,经过8年多的筛选和验证,从中筛选出4份抗性强且稳定的高抗单系,即骏枣单系、南京木枣单系、称砣枣单系、清徐圆枣单系。将骏枣高抗单系用于高接改造病树,已连续5年正常生长结果,未再次感染枣疯病。这些抗病单系既可直接作为抗病品种进行栽培,也可用于染病植株和感病品种的高接改造。

Jujube witches＇ broom disease （JWB） is a destructive disease caused by a phytoplasma. Based on multi-way investigation, 29 kinds of germplasm were collected from whole China. Four kinds of strains, Junzao, Nanjingmuzao, Chengtuozao and Qingxuyuanzao were selected out by the method of grafting healthy germplasm to be checked onto seriously diseased plant, which was affirmed much more effective for selecting highly-resistant germplasm than the traditional method of grafting diseased bark onto healthy germplasm to be checked, for 8-year selection and validation. The Junzao strain affirmed to have high resistance to JWB were used to reconstruct the crown of diseased tree, the reconstruct trees had been fruiting for 5 years. Those strains with high resistentance to JWB not only could be used to breed new cultivars but also could be reconstruct the crown of diseased tree.