营养胁迫下东乡野生稻生物学特性鉴定初报

Survey of the Biologic Characteristic on the Nutritional Stress in the Dongxiang Wild Rice

以东乡野生稻中东塘、东塘西侧2个居群和耐低磷品种大粒稻、低磷敏感品种新三百粒为材料,采用砂培法和土培法,鉴定营养胁迫下东乡野生稻的生物学特性。砂培试验表明,在低氮、低磷、低钾胁迫下,东塘、东塘西侧地上部干重、生物学产量降低;根冠比显著增大,其中低氮胁迫下表现尤为明显。土培试验表明,低氮胁迫下株高和分蘖动态变化与无肥基本一致;各胁迫下,大粒稻和新三百粒分蘖后期有分蘖数下降阶段,东塘和东塘西侧的分蘖数基本保持不变;低磷胁迫下,东塘叶重、根重、茎鞘重和东塘西侧剑叶长、叶重、茎重、总产量性状与全肥处理相比差异显著。其他性状与全肥处理无显著差异。低钾胁迫下,东塘除叶重、根重外其他11个性状与全肥处理无显著差异;东塘西侧除着粒密度、穗重外其他11个性状与全肥处理无显著差异。初步表明,东塘和东塘西侧2个居群无耐低氮特性,具有耐低磷、低钾特性,且不同居群对低磷、低钾的忍耐能力有一定差异。

Biologic characteristic on the nutritional stress in the Dongxiang wild rice were surveyed with the two populations Dongtang（DT） and Dongtangxice（DTXC）, a variety tolerant to phosphorus defeciency Dalidao （DLD） and another variety sensitive to phosphorus defeciency Xinsanbaili（XSBL） by sandy culture and soil culture. The results of sandy culture showed that the dry weight of shoot and yield of biomass of DT and DTXC decreased under low-N, low-P, low-K stress, the ratio of shoot to root increased more significantly and it was more obviously under low-N stress. The results of soil culture showed that the dynamics of plant height and tillering under low-N were basically similar to those of no fertilizer treatment in all varieties. Under low-N, low- P and low-K stresses the tillering numbers of DLD and XSBL had a decreasing stage, but those of DT and DTXC populations basically kept steady. Compared to full fertilizer treatment, traits of dry weight of leaf, root and stem-sheath of DT were significantly different, and traits of length of flag leaf, dry weight of leaf, stem and yield of biomass of DTXC were significantly different under P-deficiency condition respectively, and other traits were insignificantly different. Other 11 traits of DT were insignificantly different barring dry weight of leaf and root, and other 11 traits of DTXC were insignificantly different barring density of spikelet setting and weight of panicle respectively under K-deficiency condition. So it preliminarily indicated DT and DTXC of Dongxiang wild rice were no tolerant to low-N, and had more different tolerant ability to low-P and low-K stresses.