郑和下西洋与哥伦布等的远航——政治学视角下的比较研究

Zhenghe's Touring the West by Water and Columbus' Long Voyages——A Comparative Analysis under the Political Visual Angle

郑和下西洋为什么没有后继者,没有使中国更加开放、更加富强?而为什么晚于郑和近百年的哥伦布等西欧航海家的远洋探险航行却揭开了西欧殖民扩张和资本主义大发展的序幕?这两个问题是学术界早就讨论过的:有主要从海洋意识、海权观念方面考虑的,也有主要从历史背景方面考虑的。本文使用政治学中有关利益的理论,从目的与利益的关系的角度尝试对这两个问题进行回答。

Why there are not any successors to Zhenghe＇s touring the West by water？ Why didn＇t Zhenghe＇s feat make China more open and more prosperous？ Why did the explorations and navigations 100 years later than Zhenghe＇s made by Western navigators like Columbus lift the curtain on the Western European colonial expansions and capitalist developments？ Those qaestions have been discussed by the academia in the aspect of oceanic awareness and concepts like sea rights as well as in the aspect of historical backgrounds. This paper uses some theories on interests in politics to respond to the questions from the angles of the relationships between purposes and interests.