儒家道德精神的重建——论高攀龙对王学的修正

The Reconstruction of Confucian Moral Spirit——On GAO Pan-long's Rectification of the Doctrine of WANG Yang-ming's School

高攀龙是明末清初王学修正运动中的一位重要代表人物。他对王阳明心学及其后学的批驳、修正可归纳为以下四个方面:反对空谈“良知”,主张“学必由格物而入”;驳斥“无善无恶”说,重申性善论;反对轻视修养功夫的倾向,主张“悟”、“修”并重;批驳“三教合一”论,严辨儒、佛之异。高攀龙试图通过以上措施,重建儒家的道德精神。不过,他对王学的批驳也有不合理之处。

GAO pan-long was an important character in the movement of rectifying Wang＇s school during the later Ming dynasty and the early Qing dynasty. Gao＇s rectification of the doctrines of WANG Yang-ming and his disciples could be reduced to the following four aspects： opposing emptily talking ＂ innate knowledge ＂ , and advocating that ＂ one should learn knowledge from the investigation of things ＂ ; refuting the doctrine of ＂No Good , and No Evil ＂, and restating the Confucian doctrine of ＂the human nature is virtuous＂ ; opposing the trend of despising moral self-cultivation , and advocating the combination of ＂ meditation ＂ and ＂self-cultivation ＂ ; refuting the doctrine of ＂ the unification of Confucianlism , Taoism and Buddhism ＂ , and strictly distinguishing Confucianlism from Buddhism . Gao tried to reconstruct Confucian moral spirit by the above measures. But, Gao＇s refutation also had some unreasonableness.