昆明市土地利用的生态系统价值评价

Ecological System Valuation of the Land Use in Kunming City

在Costanza提出生态系统服务功能的评价指标后,使之广泛应用于世界各国或地区的生态系统价值定量测算之中。根据昆明市土地利用现状,结合《中国不同陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表》,计算了昆明市的生态系统服务价值,并利用过去九年生态价值的时间序列数据来评价昆明市土地利用类型的结构和数量变化的合理程度。结果是生态价值总量从1996年的186.48×108元增加到2003年的248.75×108元。据此可以认为,昆明市在这九年之中的土地利用类型的生态系统价值总量呈上升趋势,说明在这段时期内土地结构调整基本合理。但同时也存在着一些问题,例如某些类型土地所占比例与其贡献的生态价值不成比例。最后提出了一些建议:要加快治理滇池水污染、控制未利用地地扩大以及保护耕地等。

The evaluating indicators of the functions of ecosystem services proposed by Costanza are widely used in qualitative measurements to appraise the value of ecosystem in different countries and regions. According to the status quo of the land use in Kunming, the author calculated the value of the ecosystem services in Kunming based on ＂The Table on the Ecosystem Services Value Unit Area of Chinese terrestrial Ecosystem＂, and an appraisal on the reasonableness of the changes of the types and quantities of land use in Kunming is given by using time sequence data of ecosystem in the past nine years. The result shows that the total number of ecosystem services increased from RMB 186.48×10^8 Yuan in 1996 to RMB 248.75×10^8 Yuan in 2003. The upward trend of the ecosystem services value in the land use types of Kunming means that the regulation of land structures during the period were basically reasonable. However, some problems still exist. For example, the percentages of some certain types of land are disproportionate with their ecosystem value. Some suggestions such as expediting the control and prevention of the water pollution of Dian Chi Lake, controlling the using of unused land, and protecting farmland are given by the author.