“弛山泽之禁”与西汉盐铁私营

"The Opening Prohibition of Shanze" and the Private Operation For Salt and Iron in the West Han Dynasty

汉初“开关梁,弛山泽之禁”①,使山林川泽向世人开放,当为地方自由经营盐铁之政策导向,推动了“盐冶”的发展,私营盐铁之风不绝于汉。逐利之族多为诸侯王、豪强、大商人、官僚,他们依托丰富的山林资源利用林产,其投资经营展现官营与私营之争,并使私盐初步发展,同时也造成了自然资源的巨大耗费。

In the early Han Dynasty, ＂Opening Mountains and Relaxing the Prohibition of Ponds＂ made these regions open to public. It became the guide that salt and iron were freely developed in local place. This pushed the development of ＂Salt and Smelting Metal＂ and, private salt and iron were in vogue. Most of expelling clan was the persons such as leuds, despots, big tradesmen and bureaucracies. They utilized rich resource of mountain forest to make the development of private salt, The fight between official salt and private salt appeared, meanwhile natural resources was largely used.