鲁中南山区小流域雨水资源化潜力的定量评价研究

Quantitative Evaluation of Potentiality of Rainwater Resources of Small Watershed in Hilly Area of Middle Southern Part of Shandong Province

为了探讨我国北方土石山区小流域雨水资源潜力及其水资源供需态势,为高效开发利用流域雨水资源和大规模开展生态环境建设工程提供理论依据。以代表该地区典型区域的鲁中南山区小流域为研究区域,在确定了小流域雨水资源理论潜力和现实潜力计算方法的基础上,对典型小流域雨水资源潜力及水资源供需平衡进行了定量分析。结果表明:该地区小流域总需水量中生态需水的比重最大,占总需水量的68.11%,农业生产需水量其次,占31.37%,人畜生活需水量最少,仅为0.52%。以小流域降水资源作为水资源的评估基础,当降雨设计频率分别为50%,75%和95%时,典型小流域的需水量占可供水量比重分别达到63.1%,75.2%和101.7%,研究区域典型小流域基本上都处于用水高度紧张状态,同时,提出了该地区未来小流域水资源开发利用的方向。

The purpose of the study is to explore the potentiality of rainwater resources of small watershed in soil stone mountain region of North China, Which can not only provide scientific basis for soil and water loss harness, but also for raising the rainwater use rate and rainwater use efficiency. By choosing small watershed in hilly area of middle southern part of Shandong province as the typical experimental site, on the basis of the calculating methods of theory and practical potentiality of rainwater resources, the potentiality of rainwater resources and its sup- ply-demand balance are analysis. Results showed that the percentage of ecological demand water is the largest in the total demand water amount of small watershed, it is 68.11 % of the total demand water amount, and the percentage of agricultural production demand water is the next, it is 31.37 % of the total demand water amount, and the smallest is life demand water amount, it is only 0.52 % of the total demand water amount. Under the different rainfall frequencies of 50%, 75% and 95%, the demand water amount of the small watershed is 63%, 75.2M and 101.7M of the supply water amount respectively. So the small watershed in the experimental site is being in condition of serious shortage water. Moreover, this paper also proposes the main direction of water resources development and utilization of small watershed in hilly area of middle southern part of Shandong province.