花后灌水对高油玉米碳氮运转的影响

Effects of Post-anthesis Irrigation on Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilate Translocation in High-Oil Corn

在大田条件下,研究了花后灌水对高油玉米碳氮积累和运转的影响。结果表明,花后灌水降低了高油玉米叶、茎、鞘等营养器官贮藏物质、氮素的再运转量和再运转率以及贮藏物质、氮素的总运转量和总运转率,花后籽粒吸收氮素量和光合同化物输入籽粒量表现为不灌水>灌一水>灌三水。花后籽粒吸收氮素量对籽粒氮素的贡献率则与营养器官贮藏氮素转移的贡献率相反,即灌三水处理值表现最高,花后籽粒吸收氮素量和光合同化物对籽粒的贡献率远大于营养器官贮藏氮素和同化物转移的贡献率。高油玉米籽粒、蛋白质、淀粉和油产量以花后灌一水最高,灌三水时降低;随灌水次数增加籽粒油分含量增加,蛋白质含量下降。

Effects of post-anthesis irrigations on carbon and nitrogen assimilate translocation in high-oil corn were investigated in field experiments, Three water treatments were established from anthesis to maturity, i, e. no-irrigated, irrigated once, irrigated third. The results indicated that post-anthesis irrigations reduced the amounts and remobilization rate of pre-anthesis stored assimilates and nitrogen, total amount of pre-anthesis stored assimilate and nitrogen. Nitrogen increased amounts and remobilization rate of pre-anthesis stored assimilates in leaves, stem and sheathes significantly decreased with the increase of irrigation times from 0 to 3. It was reduced amounts and remobilization rate of pre-anthesis stored nitrogen in leaves, amounts of pre-anthesis stored nitrogen in stem and sheathes, total amount and remobilization rate of pre-anthesis stored nitrogen, nitrogen accumulation in grains and the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated nitrogen into grains with irrigation. The amounts and remobi- lization rate of stored nitrogen and assimilate of pre-anthesis much more bigger than post-anthesis＇s. The grain yield, starch yield, protein yield and oil yield is high when high-oil corn is just irrigated once during later stage. Irrigation favored oil content, but reduced protein content. The results indicated that irrigation regulated translocation of carbon and nitrogen assimilate and sequentially regulated accumulation of grain starch, protein and oil in high-oil corn from anthesis to maturity. Some suggestions were also put forward for realizing high yield and quality of high-oil corn and increasing water use efficiency （WUE） in high-oil corn cultivation.