稻草还田对烟田土壤性状和烟草产量及品质的影响

Effect of incorporation straw into field on soil properties and tobacco yield and quality

在永州和浏阳进行的稻草还田田间试验结果表明，稻草还田无论是以覆盖还是翻埋方式还田，对烟田土壤性状和烟草产量、品质均有明显的影响。稻草覆盖能在烟草生长后期高温季节对土壤有一定的保湿作用，同时还能增加0～5cm土层土壤的微生物数量，提高烤烟的产量、产值、纯收入和内、外品质；稻草翻埋能增加15～20cm土层土壤的微生物数量，同样能提高烤烟的产量、产值、纯收入和内、外品质。为了避免稻草在腐解过程中产生不利影响，建议稻草还田时应定量（4500kg／hm^2），稻草翻埋还田的应尽量早翻埋，在晚稻收割以后就可以将稻草翻埋下去。

The field experimental result of incorporation straw into field in Yongzhou and Liuyang showed, there were significant effect of incorporation straw into field, no matter what in overlay or in burying, on soft properties in tobacco field and tobacco yield and quality. Overlay with straw could keep soil water in high temperature season during tobacco growing at later phrase; meanwhile, it could also increase soil microbial quantities at layer of 0～5 cm, and increase tobacco yield, production value, net income, surface and immanent quality. Burying with straw could increase soil microbial quantifies at layer of 15～20 cm; and raise tobacco yield, production value, net income, surface and immanent quality. In order to avoid adverse effect brought during straw decomposition, quantification of straw （4500 kg/hm^2） incorporating into field was suggested, and burying straw should be as early as possible （burying just as late - rice harvest）.