陕西省洋县白内障的流行病学调查

Epidemic survey for cataract in Yang County,Shaanxi Province

目的:研究白内障在自然人群和老年人群中患病率的差异及其与不同的诊断标准的关系。方法:遵循按比例、随机、整群抽样的原则对陕西省洋县1536人进行白内障患病率的横断面调查,所有受检人员均采用裂隙灯检查晶状体,年龄≥50岁的人,先在小瞳孔下按照国内诊断标准进行检查,如无禁忌再充分散瞳后,按LOCSⅢ标准进行检查。结果进行统计学分析。结果:在1536个受检者中,按LOCSⅢ标准,则白内障的总患病率为29.4%,其中皮质性、后囊下、核性、混合性各型患病率分别为23.3%,1.5%,0%,4.6%;按国内标准,白内障总患病率为24.8%,上述各型白内障患病率分别为16.5%,0.3%,0%,8.0%,两种诊断标准之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);按LOCSⅢ标准,不同年龄层次中50～、60～、70～岁年龄组人群患病率分别为15.3%,35.9%,73.1%;按国内标准,上述不同年龄组人群白内障的患病率分别为9.2%,35.2%,67.2%,两种诊断标准无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:陕西省洋县农村老年人群中白内障的患病率明显高于其他年龄组,并且随着年龄的增长而增长。国内分期诊断标准与LOCSⅢ诊断标准对白内障的分型诊断具有一定的差异,而对各年龄阶段白内障患病率的诊断具有一致性。

AIM： To research the prevalence of cataract in normal people and elderly people as well as its relationship with different diagnostic criteria. METHODS： A total of 1 536 people in rural areas of shaanxi were studied by cluster random sampling methods. All particants were checked by slit lamp, and the people who were more than 50 years old carried out the standard examination by internal criteria. Then they were examined by LOCS Ⅲ in mydriatic situation when there were no contraindication. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS： The total rates of cataract prevalence in the 1536 people were found to be 29.2% according to LOCSⅢ criteria .The prevalence rates of cortical cataract, posterior subcapsular cataract, nucleus cataract and mixing cataract was 23.3%, 1.5%, 0% and 4.6%, respectively. The prevalence above were to be shown 16.5%, 0.3%, 0% and 8.0%, respectively as well as the total prevalence of cataract is 25.2% under internal criteria .It was proved that there was no difference between internal and LOCS Ⅲ criteria .The prevalence rates increased with aging ,to be shown 5.3%, 35.9%, 73.1% in the age grope of 50-, 60-, 70- years old respectively, according to LOCSⅢ criteria. And 9.2%, 35.2%, 67.2% under internal criteria .No noticeable difference was found between the two criteria in this area（P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION： The prevalence of cataract is higher in the elderly people than the others age groups in the rural areas of Shaanxi Province, Difference is found in the cataract typing diagnosis between LOCS Ⅲ and internal criteria, but no difference in any age groups.