精神分裂症患者工作记忆的研究

A study of working memory in patients with schizophrenia

目的探讨精神分裂症患者和正常人群的工作记忆的差异以及精神分裂症患者的症状与工作记忆成绩的关系。方法采用字母版n-back实验范式中的2-back测试分别对40名精神分裂症患者和40名健康成年人进行工作记忆测试,比较两组2-back任务成绩的差异;同时对精神分裂症患者进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分。结果精神分裂症患者组工作记忆的成绩正确率(0·67±0·1)和反应时(0·97s±0·12s)与正常对照相比(分别为0·86±0·08、0·75s±0·07s)差异均有显著性(P<0·01)。精神分裂症患者的工作记忆成绩正确率与精神症状之间不相关;而反应时与PANSS总分、妄想症状评分、幻觉症状评分、一般精神症状评分、阳性症状评分以及阴性症状评分之间的相关性有统计学意义(分别为r=0·847,P<0·001;r=0·797,P<0·001;r=0·826,P<0·001;r=0·809,P<0·001;r=0·501,P=0·001;r=0·366,P=0·028)。结论精神分裂症患者的工作记忆明显受损;精神症状对精神分裂症患者工作记忆的加工可能有一定的影响。

Objective To explore the differences between patients with schizophrenia and normal adults in the performances of working memory ; to find out whether the performances of working memory have correlation to the clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods We set 2-back test out of N-back task paradigm to measure the performances of working memory. 40 patients with schizophrenia and 40 normal adults were administrated with test of working memory. We compare the performances between two groups in the memory test. The positive and negative syndrome scale （PANSS） is employed for assessing the symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Results The performance of right rate（0.67 ±0. 1 ） and response time（0.97 s±0. 12 s） in patients with schizophrenia were significant lower than that in normal persons （0.86 ±0. 08,P 〈0. 01 ;0. 75 s ±0. 07 s,P 〈0.01 ） ; The performance of response time has positive correlation to the global PANSS score, the delusion score, the hallucination score, the general symptomatology score, the global positive symptomatology score, and the global negative symptomatology score（r = 0. 847,P 〈 0. 001 ;r = 0. 797,P 〈 0. 001 ;r = 0. 826,P 〈 0. 001 ; r = 0. 809,P 〈 0. 001 ;r = 0. 501 ,P =0. 001;r = 0. 366, P = 0. 028 respectively） ; But the performance of right rate in patients with schizophrenia has no correlation to anyone. Conclusion These studies indicate that working memory has significant impairment in patients with schizophrenia; psychiatry symptoms may play a part role in working memory processing.