松嫩平原苏打盐渍土水盐调控与开发利用

Salt-water regulation of soda saline soil in Songnei Plain

20世纪90年代以来,松嫩平原土壤苏打盐渍化呈逐年加剧和扩大态势。研究表明田块尺度苏打盐渍土水盐变化具有如下特征:土壤盐分含量高度空间变异性、盐化和碱化共存,水力性质极差,土壤水和地下水的转化关系非常微弱。苏打盐渍土的水盐调控方向应该是:采用各种技术在地表创造积水—径流环境,去掉土壤表层(0～30cm)的盐分,形成一个盐碱“淡化表层”。针对田块尺度苏打盐渍土的主要特点,提出了苏打盐渍土开发的斑块模型。

Severity and expansion of soda salinization of soil becomes worse in the Songneng Plain since nineteenth of 20th Century. The study shows that salt-water change in field dimension of soda saline soil have the following features： high-spatial variation of salt content, exist of both saline and alkaline, poor hydraulic characteristic, and weak in transfer between soil water and groundwater. The direction of salt-water regulation of soda saline soil is to create an accumulated water-runoff environment on the land surface by apply varied technologies, and remove salt on the land surface （0-30cm） and form a ＂desalinated surface＂ of saline and alkaline. Considering the main features of soda saline soil in field dimension, a spot model developed for soda saline soil is proposed.