谷物籽粒淀粉合成与品质改良研究进展

Advance in Biosynthesis and Quality Improvement of Cereal Grain Starch

谷物淀粉品质改良是通过生物技术、栽培技术和工业技术对这种再生性碳水化合物进行合理改良来满足人类健康、营养以及食品品质的需求。淀粉品质改良的目的:更多的能量供应、更佳的食品感观性、更优良的人类营养来源和更有效益的工业给料。尽管淀粉合成过程的研究已经比较成熟,但鉴于淀粉合成的复杂性,目前针对谷物淀粉品质改良研究还处于初级阶段。本文综述了前人在谷物淀粉品质改良方面的研究,提出生物技术改良研究重点应放在淀粉合成和淀粉粒装配过程上,同时注重生态环境对淀粉品质的影响及调控途径的研究。此外,大力研发变性淀粉,使谷物淀粉最大程度的满足人类生活需求。

The improvement of cereal starch quality and the rational design of the renewable carbohydrate through biotechnology cultivation and technologies would satisfy requirements of people health, nutrition, and food quality. Improvement of starches can be used for four general purposes： more energy supply, better food organoleptic properties, finer human nutrition, and more available industrial feedstock. Owing to complexity of starch - synthesis process, the improvement of cereal quality is still in its infancy, in despite of the precocious maturity study on the starchsynthesis process. In the present paper, the advances in the improvement of cereal starch quality are reviewed. It is stated that the emphases of biotechnologieal modification are involved in the regulation of starch synthesis and granule assembly, and the effect of environmental on cereal starch quality and its regulatory approaches should be paid more attention. Furthermore, the modified starch would be developed vigorously for fully satisfying requirements of people life.