应用抗菌药物导致医院感染发生的控制措施

Nosocomial Infection in Patients: Control Measures

目的为控制因抗菌药物滥用导致医院感染的发生,研究有效措施,加强对医院临床科室感染病原菌的监控,预防发生医源性医院感染。方法采用纵向分析方法,对2000年7-12月与2002年7-12月医院信息报表及住院患者住院病历进行回顾性调查;并前瞻性针对抗菌药物使用不合理存在的问题进行分析,采取相应措施控制医院感染的发生,并于两年后同期监测相关控制指标。结果通过定期监控及纵向同期分析比较,医院感染发生在采取控制措施前后,临床各科室医院感染发生率呈现明显变化趋势。结论医院对抗菌药物的控制管理应强化监控措施,强化的重点应从抗菌药物的采购、临床应用指征、监测及信息反馈等环节,从而有效、合理地使用抗菌药物,控制医院感染发生率。

OBJECTIVE To give a general introduction to the infection in the hospital, and supervision to key departments in order to prevent nosocomial infection occurrence. METHODS A vertical analysis was made on the basis of the survey involving the following three periods： the first period covered the second half of the year 2000 （from Jul to Dec 2000）, the second period covered the second half of the year 2002 （from Jul to Dec 2002）, and the third period covered the second half of the year 2004 （from Jul to Dec 2004）. RESULTS The periodical supervision and the vertical analysis in the same period showed the following： the rates of the infected patients in the departments showing a tend to go on rising from 2000 to 2002, and showing a tend to decline from 2002 to 2004. CONCLUSIONS The control of using antibiotics must be emphasized and they should be applied in a scientific and reasonable way. The key points include the management of purchasing drugs, clinical indications and usages, supervise and news feedback, etc. All of these measures could prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection effectively.