社会主义经济转轨的马克思主义分析方法

Marxist Approach to Socialist Economy Transition

中外经济学家研究社会主义经济转轨的方法大体有五种:一是“激进—渐进”的速度分析方法,二是“目标—指标”的定量分析方法,三是“政治—经济”的关联分析方法,四是“成本—效益”的经济分析方法,五是“过程—绩效”的实证分析方法。这些分析方法既有其合理性,同时又存在着缺陷。本文认为,立足于历史唯物主义科学世界观的马克思主义制度分析方法是研究社会主义经济转轨的科学方法。为此,本文运用马克思主义的制度分析方法,即“生产方式—社会结构”分析方法对社会主义经济转轨进行深入而系统的分析。本文的基本观点是:社会主义经济转轨实质上是社会经济结构即生产方式与生产关系的变革,这一变革的根源在于传统社会主义生产方式与社会经济结构的内在矛盾,这一变革的趋势必然是构建与市场经济相适应的现代社会主义模式。

There are by and large five approaches to socialist economy transition so far： the rapidity analysis of ＂radicalness- gradualness＂, the quantitative analysis of ＂target-index＂, the conjunction analysis of ＂politics-economics＂, the economic analysis of ＂cost-benefit＂, and the positive analysis of ＂course-performance＂. There are both rationality and obvious limitation in these approaches. This paper argues that the Marxist institutional approach based on the scientific world view of Historical Materialism is the scientific approach to socialist economy transition. Therefore, this paper analyses socialist economy transition thoroughly and systematically with Marxist institutional approach, namely, the analysis of ＂mode of production-social structure＂. The basic viewpoints of this paper are as follows： Socialist economy transition is substantially the transformation of social economy structure namely form of production and production relationship, the root of the transformation lies in the inherent contradiction of traditional socialist mode of production and social economy structure, and the trend of the transformation is consequentially constructing modem socialist pattern adaptive to market economy.