广东省1996年至2004年监测出生缺陷发生情况分析

Analysis of birth defects surveillance from 1996 to 2004 in Guangdong province

目的了解广东省出生缺陷的变化趋势及其相关因素,为制定出生缺陷干预措施或政策提供科学的依据。方法对1996年至2004年广东省出生缺陷监测数据进行回顾性描述分析和趋势分析。结果1996年至2003年广东省总的平均出生缺陷发生率为134.4/万(7301/543062),2004年为212.2/万(2111/99483),出生缺陷发生率呈逐年上升的趋势;不同母亲年龄(P<0.01)和围产儿性别(P<0.01)间的出生缺陷发生率差别有统计学意义;36.5%的出生缺陷患儿母亲孕早期接触过不良因素;广东省常见的出生缺陷分别是先天性心脏病、胎儿水肿综合征、总唇腭裂、多指(趾)、先天性脑积水、先天性马蹄内翻足等;诊断依据以临床诊断和B超诊断为主。结论广东省出生缺陷的干预措施仍需加强;干预措施要针对高发出生缺陷和高危因素制定。

Objective To find out the trends and associated factors of birth defects in Guangdong province, and to provide the scientific evidences for setting the preventive strategies. Methods Retrospective description and trending analysis were conducted to analyze the birth defects surveillance data from 1996 to 2004 in Guangdong province. Results The total incidence of birth defects in Guangdong province from 1996 to 2003 was 134.4/10 000（7301/543 062）, and increased to 212.1/ 10 000 （2129/100 394） in 2004. Significant different birth defects rate was found between different maternal age （P〈0.01） and between different genders of the babies （P〈0.01）. Maternal exposure of risk factors was found in 36.5 % of the perinatal infants with birth defects. The common seen types of birth defects in Guangdong province were congenital heart disease, fetal hydropsy, cleft palate/cleft lip, polydactyly, congenital hydrocephalus and congenital talipes equinovarus. The diagnosis was based mainly on clinical signs and sonography. Conclusions The preventive strategy for controlling birth defects should be strengthened in Guangdong province, and should be aimed to major birth defects and the associated risk factors.