人的抽象与人的现实——马克思视野中的“人”

The Abstraction of Human and the Reality of Human "The Man" in the View of Marx

马克思视野中的“人”是人的抽象和人的现实的统一。具体表现在人的抽象是人的现实的价值评判尺度和根本方法;人的现实是人的抽象的特殊表现;人的抽象在人的现实发展中生成。马克思关于人的抽象与以往传统人学中抽象的人有着根本的区别,其出发点和归宿点不同。马克思在这个问题上的根本变革在于两者在实践基础上达到了统一。马克思关于人的抽象和人的现实关系的学理层面的意义在于,人学研究要把人学的基础理论和人的现实问题结合起来;实践层面的意义在于,以人为本要实现共性和差异、整合和分解的统一。

＂Human＂ is an integration of the abstraction of human with the reality of human in Marx＇s context. This unification presents concretely in the following aspects： the abstraction of human is a criterion of value judgment and fundamental method of the reality of human; the reality of human is a special presentation of the abstraction of human; the abstraction of human is finished in the reality of human. With a different starting point and a different ending point, Marx＇s abstraction of human differentiates completely from the abstract human of the traditional theory of human. Marx＇s great change on this issue laid in the integration of the abstraction of human with the reality of human on the basis of practice. Marx＇s view on this issue holds theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically, the study on human should integrate the fundamental theory of human with the realistic problem of human. Practically, the peopleoriented view should realize the integration of universality and individuality as well as the whole and the parts.