汉语语序问题研究综述

On the Problem of Chinese Constituent Order

本文从语言类型学、语义、信息论、认知等不同的侧面,对汉语语序问题的研究进行简要的综述。在类型学视角下,以S、V、O为参项引发了汉语是SVO型语言还是SOV型的争论,刘丹青主张以介词为参项;研究语义的学者认为任何语序的改变都和句子的内在语义有关,句法位置蕴涵了丰富的语义特征;语言以交际为目的,语序的排列要符合信息传递的要求,同时还受语言内部机制的制约;在认知的框架下我们又可以看到语序的线性排列具有象似性。

This paper gives a simple summary on the study of Chinese constituent order from the view of typological studies, semantics, information processing theory, cognitive and so on. According to Greenberg＇s typology theory, researchers argue whether Chinese should be SVO or SOV type. Liu Danqing thinks we should take preposition as parameter. Researchers on semantics think any change of word order has relation with the semantic of the sentence. The position of syntact implicates rich semantic features. Language is for communication. Constituent order should satisfy the demand of transmitting information. Meanwhile, it is also bounded by the mechanisms underlying in the language. In the frame of cognition, we can find that word order is ironic.