高温对不同水稻品种花粉活力及籽粒结实的影响

Effects of High Temperatures on Pollen Vitality and Seed Setting of Different Rice Varieties

以杂交籼稻汕优63、特优559和常规粳稻武育粳3号、华粳1号为材料,于抽穗期用35℃及其以上高温胁迫处理,研究了高温对花粉活力和籽粒结实的影响。结果表明:35℃胁迫1 d,供试品种的花粉活力、花粉萌发率和结实率均下降;随着胁迫温度的升高和时间的延长,供试品种花粉活力、花粉萌发率和结实率都急剧降低;水稻抽穗期受高温的危害存在品种间差异,相同条件下,杂交籼稻汕优63和常规粳稻武育粳3号受高温的伤害分别明显小于同类型品种特优559和华粳1号;花粉活力降低是高温导致籽粒结实率大幅度降低的主要生理原因。

The effects of several high temperatures stress,35℃ ,37℃ ,39 ℃ and 41℃ ,on pollen vitality and grain setting of indica hybrid rice,Shanyou 63 and Teyou 559, and conventional japonica rice, Wuyujing 3 and Huajing 1, were studied during heading stage. The results indicated that pollen vitality, pollen germination percentage and seed setting rate of four tested cultivars began to decrease only after one day high temperature stress with 35℃. With the temperatures keeping growth and the time extending, pollen vitality, pollen germination percentage and seed setting rate suffered a sharply decline. However, a significant difference of negative influences of high temperatures on rice during heading stage existed among different varieties. The harmfulness of high temperatures stress on indica hybrid rice, Shanyou 63 and conventional japonica rice,Wuyujing 3 was remarkably less than Teyou 559 and Huajing 1. More data showed that the drop of pollen vitality was the main physiological reason leading to the decrease of seed setting rate.