吉林省黑土流失的成因分析及防治对策

Analysis on the Reasons of Black-soil Erosion in Jilin Province and Countermeasures

土地是农业发展的基础,其环保安全是农业可持续发展的关键。吉林省是全国的农业大省,但目前面临着一系列的问题和挑战,如肥沃的黑土大量流失、农业生态环境严重恶化、土地生产力严重下降,给该省农业的可持续发展造成了严重的影响。因此,我们必须采取有效的措施保护黑土地,促进吉林农业的持续发展。作者分析了吉林省黑土流失的主要原因,一是人为因素,如随着人口增加和片面地追求产量,多年来农民过度垦荒和不合理地耕作;二是自然因素,如风蚀、雨蚀、冻融等。在此基础上,提出保护黑土地,促进吉林农业持续发展的对策和建议。

Land is a key factor influencing the sustainable development of agriculture. As a large agricultural province, Jilin province are confronted with a series of problems and challenges, such as running off of large amount of loam black soil, serious damage of agricultural ecological environment, and the decrease of productivity of soil, etc. Therefore, measures must be taken to protect the black soil for promoting sustainable development of agriculture. Main reasons which caused the erosion of black soil in Jilin province were analyzed in the paper. One kind is factitious factors, for example, as the population grew so rapidly, people only paid attention to the crop yield, so they reclaimed wasteland overly and cultivated the land unreasonably. Other kind is natural factors, such as the erosion by wind, rainfall and unfreezing. Based on the analysis, countermeasures and suggestions on protection of black soil were proposed in order to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Jilin province.