传统型护岸与生态型护岸

Traditional Revetment and Ecological Revement

传统的护岸工程以水泥、沥青、混凝土等硬性材料为主要建材,在结构型式上分为直立式,斜坡式或斜坡式与直立式组合的混合型式,断面规则渠化,偏重安全、经济的后果是极大地损害了河流的生态功能。生态型护岸的出现顺应了人与自然共生的要求,是护岸工程建设的一大进步。生态型护岸分为自然原型护岸,自然型护岸及多自然型护岸三种类型,通过绿化护面层,坡面多孔化、粗糙化,近岸流态多样化三种主要途径,重视发挥天然材料的性能,能有效地改善传统型护岸对河流环境及生态所带来的负面效果,并由此对护岸的设计及施工带来一系列有益的启发。建立关于生态型护岸生态功能的评价体系或标准以及对河道开展综合治理是今后的研究重点。

Cement, concrete and asphaltum are the main materials for traditional revetment engineering. The structure style of traditional revetment can be divided into three types： upstanding style, sloping style and combined style. As a result of emphasizing security and economy, traditional revetment engineering has done a lot of damage to the environment of river. Ecological revetment, with appeal for the relationship of mutual benefits between human being and nature, is a great progress of revetment construction. Ecological revetment, which can be classified into crude revetment, natural revetment and multiple-natural revetment, can improve the negative effects brought by traditional revetment by the following three approaches： protective coving virescence, coarse pored surface and multiplex velocity of flow alongshore. These will benefit the design and construction of revetment engineering. Establishing an estimate system or standard for ecological function of ecological revetment and developing general studies in river engineering are the main task for the future.